Six Human Virtues

According to University of Pennsylvania psychologist, Martin Seligman, there are six human core characteristics (so-called virtues) that seem to be universally valued and are worth nurturing/developing in yourself with a view towards living a satisfying or happy existence. They are: wisdom, humanity, courage, justice, temperance and transcendence.  

Wisdom encompasses the following strengths: creativity, curiosity, open-mindedness, love of learning and perspective. Use your imagination to develop new ideas and objects and also to invent solutions to practical problems. Show interest in, and be eager to learn about, a wide variety of topics. Have new experiences.  Explore. Examine issues from each side as fairly as you can. Don't let preconceptions get in the way. Let new evidence change your mind, if it sheds a different light on things. Build knowledge and master new skills and subjects. Perspective provides you with the ability to give wise counsel to other people.  You make sense of the world in a way that makes sense to yourself and to others.

Humanity sees a person exhibiting strengths which promote and nurture friendships and other relationships.  It involves social or emotional intelligence, love and kindness. Become aware of your motives and feelings as well as those of others. Develop your ability to fit into various social situations, to give and receive love, to maintain close relationships, and to nurture and care for others while exhibiting generosity, compassion and altruism.

Courage is acting in the face of fear, rather than the absence of fear. Carry out strengths of will that assist you in the face of internal or external obstacles. Show integrity by speaking truthfully, sincerely and presenting yourself authentically. Be responsible for your actions, thoughts and feelings. Bravery involves not shrinking from challenges, difficulties, threats or pain. Involve yourself fully in life: vitality, wholeheartedness, enthusiasm, energy. 

Justice involves the ability to use your strengths to foster a healthy community. The key here is fairness: dealing with people while having an open mind, so as to treat them fairly and justly without letting personal feelings bias your decisions. Teamwork and leadership are essential.

Temperance involves protective traits such as self-discipline and willpower that help you stay on track in the face of temptations. Avoid excesses. Practice forgiveness and nullify hatred and anger. Humility tempers arrogance: let your accomplishments speak for themselves. Take care in what you say and do, so as to avoid later regret.

Transcendence takes you beyond yourself and connects you to others, to the world, and possibly to something greater than yourself. It allows you to appreciate beauty, skill and excellence, whether it be expressed in nature, performance, profession or in everyday things. Spirituality, gratitude, hope and humour are essential in your quest to reach beyond the self. Laugh, play, and bring a smile to another's face.

D.

Source:  "Positive Psychology:  Harnessing the power of happiness, mindfulness, and inner strength", Julie Corliss (writer), Ronald D. Siegel, Psy. D. (medical editor), Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 2013.

  

Positive Psychology

The field of positive psychology has grown tremendously in the past few years. Methods of positive psychology are now widely used by mental health professionals to help a variety of people with a wide array of problems.

Psychologist Martin Seligman, of the University of Pennsylvania, kicked the field of positive psychology into high gear in the 1990's with his ground-breaking concept of "learned optimism".  Seligman found that optimism is a trait which most happy people seem to have.  He also found that optimism - if a person does not seem to be naturally prone to it - can be taught, learned, and utilized to change a person's life for the better.  Optimism can be nurtured by teaching people to challenge their patterns of negative thinking and to appreciate, and focus on, their strengths.  The idea that people can become happier by building upon and growing their natural, inherent strengths is central to positive psychology.

In 2011, Seligman developed the concept of "PERMA":  positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. He submits that these components allow us to flourish because they are the building blocks of a fulfilling life. (By the way, his 2011 book, Flourish is a very interesting read.)

Positive psychology does have its share of critics who contend that it ignores suffering and denigrates sadness and that it forces people to suppress their anxieties, worries, stresses, and traumas. Furthermore, it encourages people to just "put on a happy face" while discomforting and damaging issues are suppressed and never properly dealt with so that healing can take place.  Additionally, they argue that not allowing negative emotions to be expressed is demoralizing and damaging to individuals suffering very real anguish.

Most of the previous mental health research has focused on alleviating suffering by treating disorders while doing nothing to enhance an individual's life beyond lessening the effect of the disorder.  At best, a neutral state of mind was the aim. Positive psychology, however, focuses on previously ignored ideas of positive emotion and meaning that are important to a person's quality of life.  It embraces the full array of emotions, including sadness, pain, and grief and attempts to help people get passed these emotions towards building a more resilient nature or response in the face of adversity.

D.

Source:  "Positive Psychology:  Harnessing the power of happiness, mindfulness, and inner strength", Julie Corliss (writer), Ronald D. Siegel, Psy. D. (medical editor), Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, 2013.